How Are Social Security Benefits Calculated? Some Facts & Aspects Affecting The Benefits

Among the most popular Social Security questions that I hear from baby boomers getting ready to retire is "how are Social Security benefits calculated?" This is a significant question because it could affect how long you need to work, whether you should continue to work during your retirement years, or any other aspects of your retirement plan.

Firstly, please note that you get a Social Security retirement benefit estimate every year in the mail, usually around your birth date. There are also many calculators available on the Social Security site to assist you estimate how much your retirement benefits will be, so you do not require to know the ways to calculate the benefit yourself.

It's still helpful to know how Social Security is calculated, however, so here are the fundamentals:

Generally, your highest 35 years of earnings are indexed for inflation, then averaged to figure out the base for your per month benefit. If you worked less than 35 years, the missing years will be calculated as zero for purposes of determining your benefit amount.

Planning tip: If you have close to 35 years of earnings and you're close to retirement, you'll benefit very much by continuing to work until you've 35 full years of earnings to include in your benefit calculation. The majority of people this will affect are ladies who took time off work to raise a family.

The top 35 years of earnings are then divided by 35 to get your average indexed monthly earnings (AIME). A formula is applied to your AIME to figure out your primary insurance amount (PIA). We will not go into the details of the formula; the significant thing to note is that your PIA is the full unreduced benefit you would receive if you retired at your full retirement age (at the age of 66 for people born between 1943 and 1954). This amount will be decreased if you take early retirement or increased if you retire after age 66.

The Primary insurance amount is also the base for other benefits such as spousal benefits, so it's vital to understand that your Primary insurance amount is not always the same amount that you'll receive. If you're married and your spouse will be collecting benefits based on your earnings instead of her own, then you may want to maximize your own PIA to maximize the total Social Security benefits you & your spouse will get.

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